Klimapolitisches Engagement auf kommunaler Ebene in Deutschland – Entwicklung eines Index zu Bewusstsein, Konzeption und Durchführung von Klimaschutz und Klimawandelanpassung

Anika Zorn; Julian Tafel; Susann Schäfer

doi:10.14512/rur.2225

Authors

Anika Zorn Friedrich Schiller University Jena
Julian Tafel Friedrich Schiller University Jena
Susann Schäfer Friedrich Schiller University Jena

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14512/rur.2225

Keywords:

Climate mitigation, Climate adaptation, Index, Germany, Counties , Municipalities

Abstract

This paper presents an additive index on climate policy engagement at the municipal level, based on the three dimensions awareness, conception and implementation of climate change mitigation and adaptation. The distortion of the index is based on the self-perception and personal assessment of municipal decision-makers, which were collected and evaluated as part of a primary survey (postal survey). The index shows how strongly a municipality is committed to climate policy. Thus, it represents an extension of previous indices that either only consider climate mitigation or adaptation or are only based exclusively on secondary statistics. The second part of the paper describes the application of the index in three counties or 51 municipalities in Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia. The interpretation takes place in the context of structural characteristics of the municipalities concerned (number of inhabitants, share of votes of different parties, geographical location). The distribution of the index values shows a similar awareness in climate protection and climate change adaptation, but an increasing discrepancy in the implementation of adaptation-specific measures.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aguiar, F. C.; Bentz, J.; Silva, J.; Fonseca, A. L.; Swart, R.; Duarte Santos, F.; Penha-Lopes, G. (2018): Adaptation to climate change at local level in Europe. An overview. In: Environmental Science and Policy 86, 38–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2018.04.010

Altenburg, C.; Hasse, J. (2022): Klimagerechte Kommunen. Unterstützung und Beratung für Klimaschutz und Klimaanpassung. In: vhw Forum Wohnen und Stadtentwicklung 14, 1, 21–24.

Alves Neder, E.; de Araújo Moreira F.; Dalla Fontana, M.; Rodrigues Torres, R.; Montenegro Lapola, D.; da Penha Costa Vasconcellos, M.; Barbieri Bedran-Martins, A.; Philippi Junior, A.; Lemos, M.; Marques Di Giulio, G. (2021): Urban adaptation index. Assessing cities readiness to deal with climate change. In: Climatic Change 166, 16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-021-03113-0

Araya-Muñoz, D.; Metzger, M.J.; Stuart, N.; Wilson, A.; Alvarez, L. (2016): Assessing urban adaptive capacity to climate change. In: Journal of Environmental Management 183, 1, 314–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.08.060

Baasch, S.; Bauriedl, S.; Hafner, S.; Weidlich, S. (2012): Klimaanpassung auf regionaler Ebene: Herausforderungen einer regionalen Klimawandel-Governance. In: Raumforschung und Raumordnung 70, 3, 191–201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13147-012-0155-1

Barbey, K. (2013): Metropolregion im Klimawandel. Räumliche Strategien Klimaschutz und Klimaanpassung. Zur Entwicklung gesamträumlicher Konzepte am Beispiel der Metropolregion Rhein-Neckar. Dissertation am Karlsruher Institut für Technologie. https://doi.org/10.5445/KSP/1000029071

Bauer, H.; Hertle, H. (2015): Akteure des Wandels. In: Ökologisches Wirtschaften 30, 2, 23–25. https://doi.org/10.14512/OEW300223

Becker, B.; Richter, C. (2015): Klimaschutz in Deutschland: Realität oder Rhetorik? In: Momentum Quarterly 4, 1, 3–22. https://doi.org/10.15203/momentumquarterly.vol4.no1.p3-22

Bierwirth, A.; Schüle, R. (2012): Kommunaler Klimaschutz. Ein Konzept ist nicht genug. In: Raumplanung 162, 15–18.

Birchall, S. J.; MacDonald, S.; Baran, N. N. (2022): An assessment of systems, agents, and institutions in building community resilience to climate change. A case study of Charlottetown, Canada. In: Urban Climate 41, 101062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2021.101062

Böcher, M.; Zeigermann, U.; Berker, L. E.; Jabra, D. (2022): Climate policy expertise in times of populism. Knowledge strategies of the AfD regarding Germany’s climate package. In: Environmental Politics 31, 5, 820–840. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2022.2090537

Bowering, E.; Peck, A.; Simonovic, S. (2014): A flood risk assessment to municipal infrastructure due to changing climate part I: methodology. In: Urban Water Journal 11, 1, 20–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2012.758293

Bücken, F.; Kanning, H. (2021): Klimaanpassung von Logistikstandorten. Eine Szenarienanalyse. In: Standort – Zeitschrift für Angewandte Geographie 45, 4, 252–258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00548-021-00717-7

Campos, I.; Guerra, J.; Gomes, J. F.; Schmidt, L.; Alves, F.; Vizinho, A.; Lopes, G. (2017): Understanding climate change policy and action in Portuguese municipalities. A survey. In: Land Use Policy 62, 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.12.015

Donoghue, S.; Katz-Rosene, R. (2023): Evaluating the comprehensiveness of municipal climate change adaptation plans in Ontario, Canada. In: Regional Environmental Change 23, 44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-023-02036-z

Flyen, C.; Lappegard Hauge, Å.; Almås, A.-J.; Lund Godbolt, Å. (2018): Municipal collaborative planning boosting climate resilience in the built environment. In: International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 9, 1, 58–69. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDRBE-10-2016-0042

Frederking, A.; Gieschen, J.-H.; Lindner, M.; Richter, D. (2020): Klimafreundliche Kommunen. In: Wittpahl, V. (Hrsg.): Klima. Politik & Green Deal | Technologie & Digitalisierung | Gesellschaft & Wirtschaft. Berlin, 88–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62195-0_5

Fünfgeld, H.; Fila, D.; Dahlmann, H. (2023): Upscaling climate change adaptation in small- and medium-sized municipalities. Current barriers and future potentials. In: Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 61, 101263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2023.101263

Gabbe, C. J.; Pierce, G.; Petermann, E.; Marecek, A. (2021): Why and how do cities plan for extreme heat? In: Journal of Planning Education and Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X211053654

Grafakos, S.; Trigg, K.; Landauer, M.; Chelleri, L.; Dhakal, S. (2019): Analytical framework to evaluate the level of integration of climate adaptation and mitigation in cities. In: Climatic Change 154, 1, 87–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-019-02394-w

Grafakos, S.; Viero, G.; Reckien, D.; Trigg, K.; Viguie, V.; Sudmant, A.; Graves, C.; Foley, A., Heidrich, O.; Mirailles, J.; Carter, J.; Chang, L.; Nador, C.; Liseri, M.; Chelleri, L.; Orru, H.; Orru, K.; Aelenei, R.; Bilska, A.; Pfeiffer, B.; Lepetit, Q.; Church, J.; Landauer, M.; Gouldson, A.; Dawson, R. (2020): Integration of mitigation and adaptation in urban climate change action plans in Europe. A systematic assessment. In: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 121, 109623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.109623

Hagelstange, J.; Rösler, C.; Runge, K. (2021): Klimaschutz, erneuerbare Energien und Klimaanpassung in Kommunen. Maßnahmen, Erfolge, Hemmnisse und Entwicklungen. Ergebnisse der Umfrage 2020. Köln.

Höhle, J.; Zorn, A.; Pluntke, T.; Neumann, T.; Schäfer, S.; Struve, S. (2022): Kommunen im Kontext klimatischer Veränderungen und extremer Wetterereignisse. Dresden.

Jacob, J.; Valois, P.; Tessier, M. (2022): Development and validation of an index to measure progress in adaptation to climate change at the municipal level. In: Ecological Indicators 135, 108537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108537

Johnson, D.; Stanforth, A.; Lulla, V.; Luber, G. (2012): Developing an applied extreme heat vulnerability index utilizing socioeconomic and environmental data. In: Applied Geography 35, 1, 23–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2012.04.006

Jolk, A.-K. (2015): Gut kombiniert! Klimaschutz & Klimaanpassung in Kommunen. In: Chanc/ge – 100 % Klimaschutz kommunal 1, 9.

Koerth, J.; Massmann, F.; Dittmann, S. (2019): Kommunale Klimaanpassung in Schleswig-Holstein. Chancen und Herausforderungen. In: Standort – Zeitschrift für Angewandte Geographie 43, 3, 177–184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00548-019-00602-4

Kromrey, H.; Roose, J.; Strübing, J. (2016): Empirische Sozialforschung. Modelle und Methoden der standardisierten Datenerhebung und Datenauswertung. Konstanz. https://doi.org/10.36198/9783838586816

Ludwig, P.; Ehmele, F.; Franca, M. J.; Mohr, S.; Caldas-Alvarez, A.; Daniell, J. E.; Ehret, U.; Feldmann, H.; Hundhausen, M.; Knippertz, P.; Küpfer, K.; Kunz, M.; Mühr, B.; Pinto, J. G.; Quinting, J.; Schäfer, A. M.; Seidel, F.; Wisotzky, C. (2023): A multi-disciplinary analysis of the exceptional flood event of July 2021 in central Europe. Part 2: Historical context and relation to climate change. In: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 23, 4, 1287–1311. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1287-2023

Mahammadzadeh, M.; Chrischilles, E.; Biebeler, H. (2013): Klimaanpassung in Unternehmen und Kommunen. Betroffenheiten, Verletzlichkeiten und Anpassungsbedarf. Köln. = IW-Analysen 83.

Measham, T. G.; Preston, B. L.; Smith, T. F.; Brooke, C.; Gorddard, R.; Withycombe, G.; Morrison, C. (2011): Adapting to climate change through local municipal planning: Barriers and challenges. In: Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 16, 8, 889–909. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-011-9301-2

Messori, G.; Brocchieri, F.; Morello, E.; Ozgen, S.; Caserini, S. (2020): A climate mitigation action index at the local scale: Methodology and case study. In: Journal of Environmental Management 260, 110024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.110024

Michetti, M.; Ghinoi, S. (2020): Climate-driven vulnerability and risk perception. Implications for climate change adaptation in rural Mexico. In: Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences 10, 3, 290–302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13412-020-00607-8

Monterroso, A.; Conde, C. (2018): Adaptive capacity. Identifying the challenges faced by municipalities addressing climate change in Mexico. In: Climate and Development 10, 8, 729–741. https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2017.1372264

OECD – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2008): Handbook on constructing composite indicators. Methodology and user guide. Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264043466-en

Ott, H. E.; Richter, C. (2008): Anpassung an den Klimawandel. Risiken und Chancen für deutsche Unternehmen. Wuppertal. = Wuppertal Papers 171.

Otto, A.; Göpfert, C.; Thieken, A. H. (2021): Are cities prepared for climate change? An analysis of adaptation readiness in 104 German cities. In: Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 26, 35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-021-09971-4

Otto, A.; Kern, K.; Haupt, W.; Eckersley, P.; Thieken, A. H. (2021): Ranking local climate policy. Assessing the mitigation and adaptation activities of 104 German cities. In: Climatic Change 167, 5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-021-03142-9

Porst, L.; Voß, M.; Kahlenborn, W.; Schauser, I. (2022): Klimarisikoanalysen auf kommunaler Ebene. Dessau-Roßlau.

Quesada-Román, A. (2022): Flood risk index development at the municipal level in Costa Rica. A methodological framework. In: Environmental Science and Policy 133, 98–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2022.03.012

Reckien, D.; Buzasi, A.; Olazabal, M.; Spyridaki, N.-A.; Eckersley, P.; Simoes, S.; Salvia, M.; Pietrapertosa, F.; Fokaides, P.; Goonesekera, S.; Tardieu, L.; Balzan, M.; de Boer, C.; De Gregorio Hurtado, S.; Feliu, E.; Flamos, A.; Foley, A.; Geneletti, D.; Grafakos, S.; Heidrich, O.; Ioannou, B.; Krook-Riekkola, A.; Matosovic, M.; Orru, H.; Orru, K.; Paspaldzhiev, I.; Rižnar, K.; Smigaj, M.; Szalmáné Csete, M.; Viguié, V.; Wejs, A. (2023): Quality of urban climate adaptation plans over time. In: Urban Sustainability 3, 13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-023-00085-1

Reckien, D.; Salvia, M.; Heidrich, O.; Church, J. M.; Pietrapertosa, F.; De Gregorio-Hurtado, S.; D’Alonzo, V.; Foley, A.; Simoes, S. G.; Krkoška Lorencová, E.; Orru, H.; Orru, K.; Wejs, A.; Flacke, J.; Olazabal, M.; Geneletti, D.; Feliu, E.; Vasilie S.; Nador, C.; Krook-Riekkola, A.; Matosovic, M.; Fokaides, P.; Ioannou, B.; Flamos, A.; Spyridaki, N.-A.; Balzan, M.; Fülöp, O.; Paspaldzhiev, I.; Grafakos, S.; Dawson, R. (2018): How are cities planning to respond to climate change? Assessment of local climate plans from 885 cities in the EU-28. In: Journal of Cleaner Production 191, 207–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.220

Ritschel, A. (2013): Klimaanpassungsstrategien in Bielefeld. Ein erster Erfahrungsbericht. In: Jahn, H. J.; Krämer, A.; Wörmann, T. (Hrsg.): Klimawandel und Gesundheit. Internationale, nationale und regionale Herausforderungen und Antworten. Berlin, 241–257. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38839-2_15

Schedler, K.; Siegel, J. P. (2005): Strategisches Management in Kommunen. Ein integrativer Ansatz mit Bezug auf Governance und Personalmanagement. Düsseldorf. = edition der Hans-Böckler-Stiftung 116.

Schnell, R.; Hill, P.; Esser, E. (2018): Methoden der empirischen Sozialforschung. Berlin.

Schulze, K.; Schoenefeld J. J. (2023): Measuring climate change adaptation policy output: Toward a two-dimensional approach. In: Review of Policy Research 40, 6, 1058–1092. https://doi.org/10.1111/ropr.12553

Tostes Vieira, M.; Villavicencio Vieira, A.; García, C. (2019): Vulnerability index elaboration for climate change adaptation in Peru. In: European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, 5, 102. https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n5p102

Venghaus, S.; Henseleit, M.; Belka, M. (2022): The impact of climate change awareness on behavioral changes in Germany. Changing minds or changing behavior? In: Energy, Sustainability and Society 12, 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-022-00334-8.

Weber, M. (2008): Klimawandel und Klimabewusstsein. Zur Schwierigkeit der individuellen Wahrnehmung globaler Umweltprobleme. In: Rehberg, K.-S. (Hrsg.): Die Natur der Gesellschaft. Verhandlungen des 33. Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie in Kassel 2006. Frankfurt am Main, 3601–3615.

Zanocco, C.; Boudet, H.; Nilson, R.; Flora, J. (2019): Personal harm and support for climate change mitigation policies. Evidence from 10 U.S. communities impacted by extreme weather. In: Global Environmental Change 59, 101984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.101984

Zorn, A.; Schäfer, S.; Tzschabran, S. (2023): Production of knowledge on climate change perception. Actors, approaches, and dimensions. In: Geographica Helvetica 78, 2, 241–253. https://doi.org/10.5194/gh-78-241-2023