Transparency in the municipal planning process: dimensions, causal relationships, interactions, and the role of evaluation in spatial decision-making Authors Christin Juliana Müller Institut für Geographie, Justus- Liebig-Universität Gießen Tina Fentroß Institut für Geographie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen DOI: https://doi.org/10.14512/rur.3395 Keywords: Planning process, Transparency , Evaluation , Decision-making, Procedural practices Abstract Municipal planning is a multidimensional decision-making process. Within this process, transparency is understood not only as access to information, but also includes the disclosure of evaluation standards, decision-making logic, and procedural steps. This paper examines the role and interactions of transparency in the municipal planning process from the perspective of the actors involved. Based on 19 guided expert interviews and a focus group, understandings, practices, and ambivalences of transparency are reconstructed qualitatively using four dimensions. The study also provides a qualitative contribution with a causal loop diagram of transparency, thereby highlighting spatial decision-making and procedural practices. The results show that transparency is considered necessary, but its implementation remains context-dependent and limited by resources, interests, and strategic considerations, and therefore only occurs selectively, while evaluations can help to structure transparency, make it measurable, and further develop decision-making processes. The paper makes an empirical contribution to planning research by conceptualizing transparency as a multidimensional governance practice and highlighting its organizational tensions. 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Articles in Raumforschung und Raumordnung – Spatial Research and Planning are published under a Creative Commons license. From Vol. 79 No. 2 (2021), the license applied is CC BY 4.0. From Vol. 77 No. 1 to Vol. 79 No.1, articles were published under a CC BY-SA license. Earlier volumes have been re-published by oekom 2022 under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License CC BY 4.0. How to Cite 1.Müller CJ, Fentroß T. Transparency in the municipal planning process: dimensions, causal relationships, interactions, and the role of evaluation in spatial decision-making. RuR [Internet]. 2026 Jan. 30 [cited 2026 Feb. 11];. Available from: https://rur.oekom.de/index.php/rur/article/view/3395 More Citation Formats ACM ACS APA ABNT Chicago Harvard IEEE MLA Turabian Vancouver Download Citation Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX Share Funding data Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Grant numbers 463567980 and 533058785
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