Consistency or contradiction? Mobility- Related Attitudes and Travel Mode Use of the Young ‘New Generation’ Authors Kathrin Konrad Stadt Dortmund, Stadtplanungs- und BauordnungsamtDortmund, Deutschland Sören Groth ILS – Institut für Landes- und StadtentwicklungsforschungDortmund, Deutschland DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/rara-2019-0050 Keywords: Young people, new generation, loss of car importance, altered mode-related attitudes, travel mode use, end of the automobile society Abstract In this paper, we examine the role of mobility-related attitudes in the travel mode use of young people, the extent to which young adults and teenagers behave consistently in relation to their attitudes, and the conditions on which the consistency of attitudes and behaviour depends. We thus continue the current discussion about the loss of importance of the car for young people in which various socio-demographic trends, but also changed attitudes, are used as explanatory factors, especially on a hypothetical level. Our contribution closes a research gap in that so far neither the relationship between attitudes and behaviour among young people has been empirically investigated nor has this relationship been empirically placed in a context of spatial, economic and socio-demographic conditions. We address this by means of differentiated correlation analyses and the calculation of correlation differences on the basis of a nationwide German survey of young people from 2013. This enables us to demonstrate that young people basically behave consistently in line with their attitudes. However, there are significant differences which confirm that certain spatial, economic and socio-demographic conditions are essential for the implementation of attitudes into corresponding travel mode use. Downloads Download data is not yet available. References Ajzen, I. (1991): The Theory of Planned Behavior. In Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50, 2, 179-211. doi: 10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T Anable, J.; Gatersleben, B. (2005): All work and no play? The role of instrumental and affective factors in work and leisure journeys by different travel modes. In Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 39, 2-3, 163-181. doi: 10.1016/j. tra.2004.09.008 Bamberg, S.; Ajzen, I.; Schmidt, P. (2003): Choice of Travel Mode in the Theory of Planned Behavior: The Roles of Past Behavior, Habit, and Reasoned Action. In: Basic and Applied Social Psychology 25, 3, 175-187. doi: 10.1207/S15324834BASP2503_01 BMBF – Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (2010): Die wirtschaftliche und soziale Lage der Studierenden in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 2009. 19. Sozialerhebung des Deutschen Studentenwerks durchgeführt durch HIS Hochschul-Informations-System – Ausgewählte Ergebnisse. Bonn. Buehler, R.; Pucher, J. (2012): Demand for Public Transport in Germany and the USA. An Analysis of Rider Characteristics. In Transport Reviews 32, 5, 541-567. doi: 10.1080/01441647.2012.707695 Calmbach, M.; Borgstedt, S.; Borchard, I.; Thomas, P.M.; Flaig, B.B. (2016): Wie ticken Jugendliche 2016? Lebenswelten von Jugendlichen im Alter von 14 bis 17 Jahren in Deutschland. Wiesbaden. doi: 10.1007/978-3-658-12533-2 Canzler, W.; Knie, A. (2016): Mobility in the age of digital modernity: Why the private car is losing its significance, intermodal transport is winning and why digitalisation is the key. In: Applied Mobilities 1, 1, 56-67. doi: 10.1080/23800127.2016.1147781 Chatterjee, K.; Goodwin, P.; Schwanen, T.; Clark, B.; Jain, J.; Melia, S.; Middleton, J.; Plyushteva, A.; Ricci, M.; Santos, G.; Stokes, G. (2018): Young people’s travel – what’s changed and why? Review and analysis. Bristol. Delbosc, A.; Currie, G. (2013): Causes of Youth Licensing Decline. A Synthesis of Evidence. In Transport Reviews 33, 3, 271-290. doi: 10.1080/01441647.2013.801929 Delbosc, A.; Currie, G. (2014a): Changing demographics and young adult driver license decline in Melbourne, Australia (1994-2009). In Transportation 41, 3, 529-542. doi: 10.1007/s11116-013-9496-z Delbosc, A.; Currie, G. (2014b): Impact of Attitudes and Life Stage on Decline in Rates of Driver’s License Acquisition by Young People in Melbourne, Australia. In: Transportation Research Record 2452, 1, 62-70. doi: 10.3141/2452-08 Delbosc, A.; Currie, G. (2014c): Using discussion forums to explore attitudes toward cars and licensing among young Australians. In: Transport Policy 31, 27-34. doi: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2013.11.005 Dick, M. (2004): Fahren – die unterschätzte Erlebnisdimension des Verkehrs. In Schiefelbusch, M. (ed.): Erfolgreiche Eventverkehre. Analysen und Fallstudien. Mannheim, 101-114. = Studien zur Mobilitäts- und Verkehrsforschung 7. Domarchi, C.; Tudela, A.; González, A. (2008): Effect of attitudes, habit and affective appraisal on mode choice: an application to university workers. In Transportation 35, 5, 585-599. doi: 10.1007/s11116-008-9168-6 Ellaway, A.; Macintyre, S.; Hiscock, R.; Kearns, A. (2003): In the driving seat: psychosocial benefits from private motor vehicle transport compared to public transport. In Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 6, 3, 217-231. doi: 10.1016/S1369-8478(03)00027-5 Follmer, R.; Gruschwitz, D.; Jesske, B.; Quandt, S.; Lenz, B.; Nobis, C.; Köhler, K.; Mehlin, M. (2010): Mobilität in Deutschland 2008. Ergebnisbericht. Struktur – Aufkommen – Emissionen – Trends. Bonn. Frändberg, L.; Vilhelmson, B. (2011): More or less travel: Personal mobility trends in the Swedish population focusing gender and cohort. In Journal of Transport Geography 19, 6, 1235-1244. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2011.06.004 Gawronski, B. (2002): Allgemeine Wertorientierungen: Struktur, längsschnittliche Stabilität und Verhaltenswirksamkeit. In: Scholl, W.; Sydow, H. (eds.): Mobilität im Jugend- und Erwachsenenalter. Eine fünfjährige Längsschnittstudie zu Mobilitätsformen, Fahrzeugvorlieben, Freizeit- und Risikoverhalten und deren Abhängigkeit von Umwelt- und Technikeinstellungen, Werten und Persönlichkeit. Münster, 149-172. Geels, F. (2012): A socio-technical analysis of low-carbon transitions: Introducing the multi-level perspective into transport studies. In: Journal of Transport Geography 24, 471-482. doi: 10.1016/j. jtrangeo.2012.01.021 Goodwin, P. (2012): Peak travel, peak car and the future of mobility: Evidence, unresolved issues, and policy implications, and a research agenda. London. = International Transport Forum Discussion Papers 2012/13. Griffiths, R.E. (2010): 2007/2008 Household Travel Survey. Changes in Daily Travel Patterns 1994 to 2007/2008. Washington, D.C. Groth, S. (2019): Multioptionalität: Ein neuer („alter“) Terminus in der Alltagsmobilität der modernen Gesellschaft? In: Raumforschung und Raumordnung | Spatial Research and Planning 77, 1, 17-34. doi: 10.2478/rara-2019-0003 Harland, P.; Staats, H.; Wilke, H.A.M. (1999): Explaining Proenvironmental Intention and Behavior by Personal Norms and the Theory of Planned Behavior. In Journal of Applied Social Psychology 29, 12, 2505-2528. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1999.tb00123.x Hjorthol, R. (2016): Decreasing popularity of the car? Changes in driving licence and access to a car among young adults over a 25-year period in Norway. In: Journal of Transport Geography 51, 140-146. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2015.12.006 Hunecke, M. (2000): Ökologische Verantwortung, Lebensstile und Umweltverhalten. Heidelberg. Hunecke, M. (2015): Mobilitätsverhalten verstehen und verändern. Psychologische Beiträge zur interdisziplinären Mobilitätsforschung. Wiesbaden. doi: 10.1007/978-3-65808825-5 Hunecke, M.; Blöbaum, A.; Matthies, E.; Höger, R. (2001): Responsibility and Environment. In Environment and Behavior 33, 6, 830-852. Hunecke, M.; Haustein, S.; Grischkat, S.; Böhler, S. (2007): Psychological, sociodemographic, and infrastructural factors as determinants of ecological impact caused by mobility behavior. In: Journal of Environmental Psychology 27, 4, 277-292. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2007.08.001 Hunecke, M.; Haustein, S.; Böhler, S.; Grischkat, S. (2010): Attitude-Based Target Groups to Reduce the Ecological Impact of Daily Mobility Behavior. In Environment and Behavior 42, 1, 3-43. doi: 10.1177/0013916508319587 Hunecke, M.; Schweer, I. (2006): Einflussfaktoren der Alltagsmobilität. Das Zusammenwirken von Raum, Verkehrsinfrastruktur, Lebensstil und Mobilitätseinstellungen. In: Beckmann, K.J.; Hesse, M.; Holz-Rau, C.; Hunecke, M. (eds.): StadtLeben – Wohnen, Mobilität und Lebensstil. Neue Perspektiven für Raum- und Verkehrsentwicklung. Wiesbaden, 148-166. doi: 10.1007/978-3-531-90132-9 Hunecke, M.; Tully, C.J.; Bäumer, D. (eds.) (2002): Mobilität von Jugendlichen. Psychologische, soziologische und umweltbezogene Ergebnisse und Gestaltungsempfehlungen. Opladen. ifmo – Institut für Mobilitätsforschung (2011): Mobilität junger Menschen im Wandel – multimodaler und weiblicher. München. Johansson, M.V.; Heldt, T.; Johansson, P. (2006): The effects of attitudes and personality traits on mode choice. In Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 40, 6, 507-525. doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2005.09.001 Konrad, K. (2016): Mobiler Alltag im Wandel des Geschlechterverhältnisses. Wiesbaden. = Studien zur Mobilitäts- und Verkehrsforschung 29. doi: 10.1007/978-3-658-11282-0 Konrad, K.; Wittowsky, D. (2016): Digitalisierung der Lebenswelten junger Menschen – der Zusammenhang von virtueller und physischer Mobilität. Dortmund. = ILS-Trends 1/16. Konrad, K.; Wittowsky, D. (2018): Virtual mobility and travel behavior of young people – Connections of two dimensions of mobility. In Research in Transportation Economics 68, 11-17. doi: 10.1016/j.retrec.2017.11.002 Krause, J. (2009): Mobilität von Kindern und Jugendlichen im öffentlichen Raum. In: Friedrich, B. (ed.): Bewegung im Raum – Raum in Bewegung. Frankfurt am Main, 111-133. = Stadt und Region als Handlungsfeld 6. Kuhnimhof, T.; Buehler, R.; Dargay, J. (2011): A New Generation? Travel Trends for Young Germans and Britons. In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2230, 1, 58-67. doi: 10.3141/2230-07 Kuhnimhof, T.; Armoogum, J.; Buehler, R.; Dargay, J.; Denstadli, J.M.; Yamamoto, T. (2012): Men Shape a Downward Trend in Car Use among Young Adults. Evidence from Six Industrialized Countries. In: Transport Reviews 32, 6, 761-779. doi: 10.1080/01441647.2012.736426 Kuhnimhof, T.; Buehler, R.; Wirtz, M.; Kalinowska, D. (2012): Travel trends among young adults in Germany: increasing multimodality and declining car use for men. In: Journal of Transport Geography 24, 443-450. doi: 10.1016/j. jtrangeo.2012.04.018 Kuhnimhof, T.; Wirtz, M.; Manz, W. (2012): Decomposing Young Germans’ Altered Car Use Patterns. Lower Incomes, More Students, Decrease in Car Travel by Men, and More Multimodality. In: Transportation Research Record 2320, 1, 64-71. doi: 10.3141/2320-08 Kuppam, A.R.; Pendyala, R.; Rahman, S. (1999): Analysis of the role of traveler attitudes and perceptions in explaining mode-choice behavior. In Transportation Research Record 1676, 1, 68-76. doi: https://doi.org/10.3141/1676-09 Lenz, B. (2013): Zukunftsperspektive individuelle Mobilität – Anforderungen, Erwartungen und Bedürfnisse. In Jochem, P.; Poganietz, W.-R.; Grunwald, A.; Fichtner, W. (eds.): Alternative Antriebskonzepte bei sich wandelnden Mobilitätsstilen. Tagungsbeiträge vom 08. und 09. März 2012 am KIT, Karlsruhe. Karlsruhe, 13-33. Le Vine, S.; Polak, J. (2014): Factors associated with young adults delaying and forgoing driving licenses. Results from Britain. In Traffic Injury Prevention 15, 8, 794-800. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2014.880838 Lois, D.; López-Sáez, M. (2009): The relationship between instrumental, symbolic and affective factors as predictors of car use: A structural equation modeling approach. In: Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 43, 9-10, 790-799. doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2009.07.008 Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments (2010): Survey Shows Significant Shift in Daily Travel Patterns. Edited by Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments. Oakil, A.T.M.; Manting, D.; Nijland, H. (2016): Determinants of car ownership among young households in the Netherlands: The role of urbanisation and demographic and economic characteristics. In Journal of Transport Geography 51, 229-235. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2016.01.010 Paulssen, M.; Temme, D.; Vij, A.; Walker, J.L. (2014): Values, attitudes and travel behavior: a hierarchical latent variable mixed logit model of travel mode choice. In Transportation 41, 4, 873-888. doi: 10.1007/s11116-013-9504-3 Santos, A.; McGuckin, N.; Nakamoto, H.Y.; Gray, D.; Liss, S. (2011): Summary of Travel Trends: 2009 National Household Travel Survey. Washington, D.C. Schönduwe, R.; Bock, B.; Deibel, I. (2012): Alles wie immer, nur irgendwie anders? Trends und Thesen zu veränderten Mobilitätsmustern junger Menschen. Berlin. = InnoZ-Baustein 10. Schwartz, S.H. (1977): Normative Influences on Altruism. In: Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 10, 221-279. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60358-5 Shell Deutschland (2009): Shell Pkw-Szenarien bis 2030. Fakten, Trends und Handlungsoptionen für nachhaltige Auto-Mobilität. Hamburg. Sivak, M.; Schoettle, B. (2012): Update: Percentage of young persons with a driver’s license continues to drop. In: Traffic Injury Prevention 13, 4, 341. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2012.696755 Statistisches Bundesamt (2003): Wirtschaftsrechnungen. Einkommens- und Verbrauchsstichprobe. Ausstattung privater Haushalte mit langlebigen Gebrauchsgütern. Wiesbaden. Statistisches Bundesamt (2008): Wirtschaftrechnungen. Einkommens- und Verbrauchsstichprobe. Ausstattung privater Haushalte mit ausgewählten Gebrauchsgütern. Wiesbaden. Statistisches Bundesamt (2013): Wirtschaftsrechnungen. Einkommens- und Verbrauchsstichprobe. Ausstattung privater Haushalte mit ausgewählten Gebrauchsgütern. Wiesbaden. Statistisches Bundesamt (2016): Bildung und Kultur. Nichtmonetäre hochschulstatistische Kennzahlen. Fachserie 11 Reihe 4.3.1. 1980-2015. Wiesbaden. Steg, L. (2005): Car use: lust and must. Instrumental, symbolic and affective motives for car use. In Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 39, 2-3, 147-162. doi: 10.1016/j. tra.2004.07.001 Triandis, H.C. (1977): Interpersonal Behavior. Monterrey. Tully, C.J. (2011): Mobilisierung des Mobilen. Trends in der Jugendmobilität. Anmerkungen zur Veränderung im Mobilitätsverhalten. In: Der Nahverkehr 29, 7-8, 12-15. van Wee, B.; Holwerda, H.; van Baren, R. (2002): Preferences for modes, residential location and travel behaviour: The relevance for land-use impacts on mobility. In European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research 2, 3/4, 305-319. Downloads PDF Published 2020-04-30 Issue Vol. 78 No. 2 (2020) Section Research Article License Copyright (c) 2020 Kathrin Konrad, Sören Groth This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Articles in Raumforschung und Raumordnung – Spatial Research and Planning are published under a Creative Commons license. From Vol. 79 No. 2 (2021), the license applied is CC BY 4.0. From Vol. 77 No. 1 to Vol. 79 No.1, articles were published under a CC BY-SA license. Earlier volumes have been re-published by oekom 2022 under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License CC BY 4.0. How to Cite 1.Konrad K, Groth S. Consistency or contradiction? Mobility- Related Attitudes and Travel Mode Use of the Young ‘New Generation’. RuR [Internet]. 2020 Apr. 30 [cited 2025 Apr. 17];78(2):135-51. Available from: https://rur.oekom.de/index.php/rur/article/view/276 More Citation Formats ACM ACS APA ABNT Chicago Harvard IEEE MLA Turabian Vancouver Download Citation Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX Share
Acknowledgement to our reviewers 2024 March 6, 2025 The editors would like to thank all reviewers who have been reviewing articles in 2024.
A new Issue has been published February 28, 2025 A new issue of the Open-Access-Journal "Raumforschung und Raumordnung | Spatial Research and Planning" has been published. Volume 83 No. 1 (2025) is now available on our website.
A new Issue has been published December 30, 2024 A new issue of the Open-Access-Journal "Raumforschung und Raumordnung | Spatial Research and Planning" has been published. Volume 82 No. 6 (2024) is now available on our website.